ADD Readme for Arch Linux Installation
This commit is contained in:
parent
5733f5808b
commit
7d9cf9d7e6
256
afu/README.ARCH.md
Normal file
256
afu/README.ARCH.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Installation of Arch Linux
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
After creating an ISO and starting the system.
|
||||||
|
See `archlinux-2024.06.01-x86_64.iso` via https://archlinux.org/download/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Create a Live USB or DVD or ISO directly in a Virtual Machine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### USB stick on a Linux machine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# dd bs=4M if=/[path_to_archlinux.iso] of=/dev/[path_to_usb_device] statuts=progress && sync
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Replace [path_to_archlinux.iso] with the actual path to your Arch Linux ISO file and [path_to_usb_device] with the correct path to your USB device.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Be careful specifieng the path to the USB device.
|
||||||
|
Check the path with
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# lsblk
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A USB stick is usually mounted under /run/media/ e.g.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
|
||||||
|
sda 8:0 1 111.8G 0 disk
|
||||||
|
├─sda1 8:1 1 102G 0 part /
|
||||||
|
└─sda2 8:2 1 9.8G 0 part [SWAP]
|
||||||
|
sdb 8:16 1 3.6T 0 disk /data
|
||||||
|
/srv
|
||||||
|
/raid1
|
||||||
|
sdc 8:32 1 3.6T 0 disk
|
||||||
|
sdd 8:48 1 7.6G 0 disk
|
||||||
|
└─sdd1 8:49 1 7.6G 0 part /run/media/tom/TUEVAUSTRIA
|
||||||
|
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
In this example the USB device partition is `sdd1` and the device itself is `sdd` which should be used as [path_to_usb_device].
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Start the install ISO
|
||||||
|
Select **Arch Linux install medium (x86_64)** and press **Enter** to start the setup process
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Set the Keyboard Layout
|
||||||
|
The default keymap is set to US. To list other available layouts run
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To change to the German keyboard layout enter
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# loadkeys de-latin1
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
It is a little difficult to find the correct keys on a US keyboard. The **`y`** is swapped with the **`z`**, and the **`-`** is on the **`ß`** key.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Check the Internet Connection
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# ping -c 3 google.com
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Enable Network Time Protocol (NTP)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# timedatectl set-ntp true
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To check the NTP service, use:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# timedatectl status
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Partition the Disk
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### BTRF file system without a partition
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Just to get an overview of the drives
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# lsblk
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Create the filesystem with
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdX --label arch
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Replace X with the drive letter or if it is an nvme drive use /dev/nvmeXX with the correct drive label. `--label` or `-L` defines the Label of the drive, e.g. *arch*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Check the Mirror List for an Suitable Mirror
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To speed up the download, set up the mirror list so that the fastest mirrors are at the top.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
First, sync the Arch repository with `pacman`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# pacman -Syy
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Install **reflector** to be able to update the mirrors and sort them by download speed. Add reflector by running:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# pacman -S reflector
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Backup the mirror list with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
The reflector updates the mirror list, run:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# reflector -c "XX" -f 12 -l 10 -n 12 --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Replace **"XX"** with the your location country code (e.g. enter "US" if you are
|
||||||
|
located in the United States, or "AT,DE" if you are located close to Austria and Germany)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Install Arch Linux
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Mount the **root** partition
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Btrfs filesystem has the following options, which are useful to change:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
* **noatime**, useful to use by default because atime updates increases metadata writes. relatime is default,
|
||||||
|
* **commit=300**, default is 30, the interval of periodic transaction commit,
|
||||||
|
* **compress=zstd:2**, default is no, use zstd compression from [1,15] ratio. Default zstd ratio is 3.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Mount the Drive with Label *arch* to /mnt
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# mount -o compress=zstd:2,noatime,commit=300 LABEL=arch /mnt
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### PACSTRAP installation script for necessary packages to the bootable device
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware nano mc btrfs-progs dhcpcd
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Configure Arch Linux
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Generate fstab File
|
||||||
|
The **fstab** file defines the order in which disks, partitions, block devices, and other data sources are mounted.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Create the **fstab** file by running:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Use Arch-Chroot and Enter the Mounted Disk as Root
|
||||||
|
Change the **root** to the newly installed Arch Linux system with the 'arch-chroot' command:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# arch-chroot /mnt
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[root@archiso /]#
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Set the Time Zone
|
||||||
|
Setting the correct time zone ensures the system clock reflects the accurate local time.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### List all available time zones
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# find /usr/share/zoneinfo -type f | more
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Find your timezone and make a note of the name, make an `ln`command to create a symbolic link from the timezone to */etc/localtime*. For *Europe/Vienna* run
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Vienna /etc/localtime
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Set the Locale
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Open the file *locale.gen* with `nano`, and uncomment the name by removing the leading # of your preferred locale and any other you would like to use.
|
||||||
|
I uncomment the line with
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# nano /etc/locale.gen
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
I personally like to have an English environment with European setting, so I remove the **#** for *en_DK.UTF-8 UTF-8*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
#en_CA ISO-8859-1
|
||||||
|
en_DK.UTF-8 UTF-8
|
||||||
|
#en_DK ISO-8859-1
|
||||||
|
#en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Enter **Ctr + X** to exit and type **Y** to save the changes.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Generate a locale configuration file with the following command:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# locale-gen
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Create the *locale.conf*, run:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# echo LANG=en_DK.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
|
||||||
|
# export LANG=en_DK.UTF-8
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Set the **console keyboard layout**, make the changes persistent in *vconsole.conf(5):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# echo KEYMAP=de-latin1 > /etc/vconsole.conf
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Set Hostname *debian* (or any other name)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# echo debian > /etc/hostname
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Enable the DHCP, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
|
||||||
|
Run
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# systemctl enable dhcpcd
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Set the root password with the command **passwd**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# passwd
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Installation of the Grub Bootloader
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Installation on a Non-UEFI System
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# pacman -S grub os-prober
|
||||||
|
# grub-install /dev/sdX
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Replace X with the letter of the drive you want to install GRUB on. For example `grub-install /dev/sda`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Create a GRUB configuration file with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Installation on a UEFI System
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# pacman -S grub efibootmgr
|
||||||
|
# mkdir /boot/efi
|
||||||
|
# mount /dev/sdX1 /boot/efi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Replace X with the drive letter of the disk the partition belongs to.
|
||||||
|
Install Grub with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=GRUB --efi-directory=/boot/efi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Finally create GRUB configuration file:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Create a New User and Set Privileges
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Install `sudo` before adding a new user
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# pacman -S sudo
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Create a New User with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# useradd -m [username]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Replace [username] with the real username for the system.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Create the Password
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# passwd [username]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Add the User to several groups, granting specific permissions:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# usermod -aG wheel,audio,video,storage [username]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### sudoers -- Edit the *visudo* File, uncomment the **wheel** group:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# EDITOR=nano visudo
|
||||||
|
#
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
## Uncomment to allow members of group wheel to execute any command
|
||||||
|
%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Exit the Environment of ARCH-Chroot and Reboot
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# exit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Unmount the **root** with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# umount -l /mnt
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Remove the USB or CD/DVD and reboot the system with:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# reboot
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user